近日，美国石溪大学的Hiroki Sukeno与纽约城市大学亨特学院的Mark Hillery以及美国陆军研究实验室的Vladimir S. Malinovsky等人合作，并取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们进行了单量子比特和多量子比特纠缠态的广播，涉及到认证、密码学和分布式量子计算。相关研究成果已于2023年6月5日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

该研究团队对先前的广播协议进行了推广，并提出了广播乘积态和多体纠缠量子态的方案。在后一种情况下，发送方可以远程添加相位门或中止状态的分发。首先，研究人员专注于在网络中广播乘积量子态，并将基本协议推广到包括任意基旋转和允许多个接收方和发送方的情况。他们展示了如何向网络中添加和删除发送方。推广还包括这样一种情况：待施加于广播态的相位事先未知，但通过另一个编码的量子态提供给发送方。广播乘积态的应用包括身份验证和三态量子密码学。

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在第二部分中，他们研究了多个接收方与多量子比特相位门纠缠的共享单个多量子比特态的分发，其中图态是其中的一个例子。他们展示了通过与发送方的协调，接收方仅通过Pauli-X基测量就可以辅助执行远程分布式基于测量的量子计算。此外，他们还讨论了多量子比特的Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态的分发作为该方法的另一个应用。

据悉，通过测量辅助的量子纠缠为网络内的各方提供了多种通信信息的途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Broadcasting single-qubit and multiqubit entangled states: Authentication, cryptography, and distributed quantum computation

Author: Hiroki Sukeno, Tzu-Chieh Wei, Mark Hillery, János A. Bergou, Dov Fields, Vladimir S. Malinovsky

Issue&Volume: 2023/06/05

Abstract: Quantum entanglement assisted with measurements provides various pathways to communicate information to parties within a network. In this work, we generalize a previous broadcasting protocol and present schemes to broadcast product and multipartite entangled quantum states, where in the latter case the sender can remotely add phase gates or abort distributing the states. We first focus on the broadcasting of product quantum states in a network, and generalize the basic protocol to include an arbitrary basis rotation and allow for multiple receivers and senders. We show how to add and delete senders from the network. The generalization also includes the case where a phase to be applied to the broadcast states is not known in advance but is provided to a sender encoded in another quantum state. Applications of broadcasting product states include authentication and three-state quantum cryptography. In the second part, we study the distribution of a single multiqubit state shared among several receivers entangled with multiqubit phase gates, which includes the graph states as an example. We show that by coordinating with the sender, the receivers can assist in performing remote, distributed measurement-based quantum computation with the Pauli-X basis measurement alone. As another application of this, we discuss the distribution of the multiqubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.107.062605

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.062605

来源：科学网 小柯机器人